培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力，發(fā)展高階思維｜杭州上海世外中學(xué)雙語(yǔ)部學(xué)具評(píng)比

新課程改革進(jìn)一步明確了科學(xué)學(xué)科的核心素養(yǎng)，對(duì)學(xué)生各個(gè)方面的能力培養(yǎng)都提出了更高的要求，這些能力包括：學(xué)生聯(lián)系實(shí)際生活的應(yīng)用能力、操作創(chuàng)新能力和自行獲取知識(shí)的能力。針對(duì)新課程改革的發(fā)展需要，“學(xué)為中心”，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在教育教學(xué)中大膽創(chuàng)新，通過(guò)鉆研學(xué)具，自制學(xué)具，并應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐，能夠有效地促進(jìn)學(xué)生綜合能力的持續(xù)發(fā)展。

杭州上海世外中學(xué)的科技節(jié)從3月15日開(kāi)始為期一個(gè)月的學(xué)具制作評(píng)比，由科學(xué)組教師引領(lǐng)，在設(shè)計(jì)、研究、商榷、創(chuàng)新、實(shí)踐、展出等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中，很好地體現(xiàn)了科學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)對(duì)學(xué)具教學(xué)所賦予的要求：簡(jiǎn)易性、操作性、藝術(shù)性、創(chuàng)新性、教育性、實(shí)用性。

The new curriculum reform further clarifies the core literacy of the science subject, and puts forward higher requirements for the cultivation of students’ abilities in all aspects, including the ability to apply practical skills, the ability to innovate in operations, and the ability to acquire knowledge on their own. In response to the development needs of the new curriculum reform, learning-centered guidance is provided for students to innovate boldly in education and teaching, and through the study and self-made learning tools, students apply them to practice, which can effectively promote the sustained development of their comprehensive abilities.

The Science and Technology Festival at HZWFL started on March 15th with a month-long learning tool making competition. Under the guidance of science teachers, the competition involves various stages such as design, research, discussion, innovation, practice, and exhibition. This competition well embodies the simplicity, operability, artistic creativity, innovation, educational and practical nature that science literacy endows to learning tool teaching.

自制學(xué)具一般具有取材容易、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用的特點(diǎn)，可大量利用現(xiàn)代生活產(chǎn)生的廢棄物，而且制作都比較簡(jiǎn)單，操作方便，有利于合作小組共同完成，或個(gè)人獨(dú)立完成。這不僅容易做到人人動(dòng)手實(shí)驗(yàn)，還有利于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的求知興趣、動(dòng)手能力及探究精神。比如，用小藥瓶配飲料管來(lái)研究液體的“壓強(qiáng)”效果就很好，關(guān)于“液體壓強(qiáng)計(jì)”，學(xué)生們?nèi)巳硕伎梢杂H自實(shí)驗(yàn)。同時(shí)，飲料瓶、易拉罐、吸管、小藥瓶、泡沫塑料、塑料片等都是學(xué)生共同制作或自制教具的常用材料。

Self-made teaching aids generally are the materials that are easy to obtain, economical, and can be widely-used waste from modern life. They are also easy to produce, operate, and convenient, which is conducive to cooperative group completion or individual completion. This not only makes it easy for everyone to experiment, but also helps to cultivate students’ interest in seeking knowledge, practical ability, and inquiry spirit. For example, using a small medicine bottle and a beverage straw to study the pressure effect of liquids is very good, and everyone can experiment with the liquid pressure gauge. At the same time, beverage bottles, cans, straws, small medicine bottles, foam plastics, plastic sheets are commonly-used materials for self-made teaching aids.

八星連珠 702班 卓婧瑤、余仁嘯

電磁炮 801班 邱一鳴

迷你冰箱 702班 趙盛源

天平 703班 章樂(lè)瑤、趙康靜

投影儀 702班 吳逸可

藝術(shù)性和創(chuàng)新性是吸引學(xué)生注意力的極佳介質(zhì)，它對(duì)增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的好奇心，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，都起著重要的推動(dòng)作用。如果在學(xué)具制作中加入一兩個(gè)帶有藝術(shù)性和創(chuàng)新性的實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)于研究效果的提升極其有利。因此，學(xué)具制作過(guò)程中的藝術(shù)性和創(chuàng)新性有著巨大魅力，它不用像正規(guī)教具那樣“正規(guī)”，它完全可以不拘一格從身邊發(fā)生的自然現(xiàn)象中尋找素材，同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)一些別具一格的實(shí)驗(yàn)。比如，模擬月食和日食現(xiàn)象的模型，既有藝術(shù)性和創(chuàng)新性，能極大地吸引學(xué)生的注意力，又含有深刻的科學(xué)道理，能激發(fā)學(xué)生去積極思考現(xiàn)象背后的本質(zhì)。

Artistry and innovation are excellent ways to attract students’ attention. They play an important role in enhancing students’ curiosity and stimulating their interest in learning. If one or two experiments with artistry and innovation are added to the design of educational equipment, it can greatly improve the research results. The artistry and innovation in the process of making educational equipment have great charm. Unlike traditional teaching equipment, it can find inspiration from natural phenomena around us to design unique experiments. For example, a model that simulates the phenomenon of lunar and solar eclipses has both artistry and innovation, which can greatly attract students’ attention and contain profound scientific principles, inspiring students to think actively about this scientific phenomenon.

太陽(yáng)系模型 702班 胡裴琳

八大行星 701班 紀(jì)詩(shī)蕓

天狗食月 703班 王翰青、李紫曦

折射模型 703班 俞子信、莫易昀、沈楚宸

空氣炮 703班 項(xiàng)櫓哲、徐霽炫、俞泓凌

手搖發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 801班 范承宇

小孔成像 702班 江鴻婧、葉晗琪、潘琪楠

世界上一般事物的發(fā)展變化往往需要經(jīng)歷漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程，我們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)條件下就是要千方百計(jì)用盡可能短的時(shí)間讓探究者看到這個(gè)變化，進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)事物變化的規(guī)律，激發(fā)探究者的興趣和積極性。如果實(shí)驗(yàn)的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)有設(shè)備不足，探究者的注意力就會(huì)分散，問(wèn)題的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)就很難把握。自制學(xué)具可以彌補(bǔ)課堂教學(xué)中的不足，彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備的不足。自制學(xué)具更加容易突破問(wèn)題中的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)，教學(xué)效果更好；自制學(xué)具更加容易觀察到現(xiàn)象背后的本質(zhì)，學(xué)習(xí)更明顯更直觀。比如，簡(jiǎn)易冰箱的制作，大大縮短了探究科學(xué)本質(zhì)的時(shí)間，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)就能挖掘到探究的成果。因此，自制學(xué)具明顯具有教育性與實(shí)用性的特點(diǎn)。

The development and changes of things in the world are usually a relatively long process. We need to use every effort to make the explorer see this change in the shortest possible time under experimental conditions, so as to discover the laws of things and stimulate interest and enthusiasm for exploration. If the experiment takes a long time and the existing equipment is insufficient, the explorer’s attention will be distracted, and it will be difficult to grasp the key difficulties in the problem. Self-made teaching aids can make up for the shortcomings of classroom teaching and existing equipment. Self-made teaching aids are easier to break through the key difficulties in the problem and have a better teaching effect. Self-made teaching aids are also easier to observe the essence behind the phenomenon, making learning more obvious and intuitive. For example, making a simple refrigerator greatly shortens the time of exploring the nature of science, and allows for the exploration of achievements in a short period of time. Therefore, self-made teaching aids are clearly educational and practical.

投影儀 702班 范瑾萱

彈性投擲器 802班 陳妤欣

自動(dòng)噴泉 802班 鄭瓔倪、鄭哲翰

電磁鐵 803班 凌子祺

投影儀 703班 邵雨軒、鄭君灝、周毅立

彈簧測(cè)力計(jì) 703班 郭奕辰

等高線模型 703班 費(fèi)凡、姜雨嫣

自制學(xué)具是在廣大師生不斷實(shí)踐、創(chuàng)新的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生出來(lái)的，并在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中不斷研制和完善。因此能夠在科學(xué)學(xué)科探究中不斷學(xué)習(xí)新的科技知識(shí)，不斷提高科學(xué)學(xué)科的核心素養(yǎng)。

杭州上海世外中學(xué)科技節(jié)中的學(xué)具制作評(píng)比，是廣大師生認(rèn)識(shí)與研究科學(xué)的有效途徑，也是調(diào)動(dòng)廣大師生積極性、主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性的有效途徑。因此，對(duì)學(xué)具制作開(kāi)發(fā)與研制要一直進(jìn)行下去，研制和完善學(xué)具制作將成為我們的一個(gè)永恒課題。

Self-made teaching aids are created based on the continuous practice and innovation of teachers and students, and are constantly developed and improved in teaching practice. Therefore, they can continue to learn new scientific and technological knowledge in the exploration of science subjects and constantly strive to improve the core literacy of science subjects.

The educational tool-making competition at HZWFL’s Science and Technology Festival is an effective way for teachers and students to understand and study science, and it is also an effective way to stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity. The development and research of learning tool making should continue, and the development and improvement of learning tool making will become an eternal subject for us.

撰稿 | 周育君

翻譯 | 孔志豪

圖片 | 李天潤(rùn)

排版 | 李天潤(rùn)

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